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Vogt–Koyanagi–Harada syndrome
Vogt–Koyanagi–Harada syndrome (VKH syndrome) is an uncommon multisystem disease of presumed autoimmune etiology that is characterized by chronic, bilateral, diffuse, granulomatous uveitis with accompanying dermatologic, neurologic, and auditory involvement. VKH syndrome is named for ophthalmologists Alfred Vogt from Switzerland and Yoshizo Koyanagi and Einosuke Harada from Japan.〔A Vogt. Frühzeitiges Ergrauen der Zilien und Bemerkungen über den sogenannten plötzlichen Eintritt dieser Veränderung. Klinische Monatsblätter für Augenheilkunde, Stuttgart, 1906, 44: 228-242.〕〔Y. Koyanagi. Dysakusis, Alopecie und Poliosis bei schwerer Uveitis nicht traumatischen Ursprungs. Klinische Monatsblätter für Augenheilkunde, Stuttgart, 1929, 82: 194-211.〕〔E. Harada. Clinical study of nonsuppurative choroiditis. A report of acute diffuse choroiditis. Acta Societatis ophthalmologicae Japonicae, 1926, 30: 356.〕
==Pathophysiology==
VKH syndrome is an immune-mediated disease. The mechanism of the disease is thought to be T helper cell mediated autoimmune attack of melanocytes in the skin, uvea, central nervous system and inner ear. A new T-cell subset Th17 may play an important role in the initiation and maintenance of inflammatory disease when stimulated by the interleukin IL-23, thus producing IL-17.
There is a higher rate of VKH syndrome in people of Asian, Latin, and Mediterranean descent
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